Individual Assignment #7 – Crazy Correlations

Quiz Instructions

Instructions:  This assignment is related to your Chapter 5 (Salkind) material. It is not timed but assignment must be submitted by the specified due. Individual assignments that are not submitted will receive a grade of “0”. This short assignment is worth 10 points.

A local high school has discovered that there is a correlation between the number of hours their students spend on social media each day (including Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter), and their students’ ratings of their self-esteem (on a scale of 1-10, with 1 being the lowest self-esteem and 10 being the highest). Using the scatterplot below, fill in the data table (Student #1 to #20)! I’ll even do the first two for you, student # 1 spent 0 hours on social media, and had a self-esteem rating of 9, student # 2 also spent 0 hours on social media, but had a self-esteem rating of 7.

scatterplot between x (number of hours spent on social media) and y (self-esteem on a scale of 1-10)

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Question 1 2 pts

In order to calculate the correlation coefficient, you will need to figure out the data (x and y) from the scatterplot (above). Here is a table to help you out. I’ve already put in all the values for hours spent on social media per day (x) you will just need to find the values for y (self-esteem ratings); Hint: I’ve already done the first two for your: Participant # 1 spent 0 hours on social media, and had a self-esteem rating of 9, Participant # 2 also spent 0 hours on social media, but had a self-esteem rating of 7. You’ll have to do this on a separate piece of paper!

Table with 3 columns, column 1 has participant #, column 2 has hours spent on social media per day (x) and column 3 has self esteem (on a scale of 1-10, y). values for the hours spent on social media are 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

After you’ve filled out the table, let’s check to make sure you’ve got it right. For the person who spent 6 hours on social media, what was their self-esteem rating?

 

Group of answer choices

4

3

6

5

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Question 2 1 pts
Okay let’s check another value from your table (see the question above)—For the person who spent 7 hours on social media, what was their self-esteem rating?
Group of answer choices

6

5

0

4

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Question 3 2 pts

Now it’s time to calculate the correlation coefficient (Don’t panic! It’s not so bad!). Here is the formula and a table to help you out (hint: you’ll need to add your values that you found for questions 1 and 2 in the ‘y’ column): Type your answer in the box below. Round to only two decimal places! If you put more than two decimal places in your answer, canvas may count your answer as wrong. Put only your value as your answer, do not put “r =” 

rxy.png

table with 5 columns. column 1 labeled participant #, column 2 labeled x, column 3 labeled y, column 4 labeled x squared, column 4 labeled y squared, column 5 labeled x times y

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Question 4 1 pts
Let’s check to make sure you got the steps right for your calculation of rxy in question 3. In the formula you used to calculate rxy, what was the value of LaTeX: \left(\sum X\right) ( ∑ X ) 2
Group of answer choices

5041

7580

379

71

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Question 5 1 pts
Let’s check to make sure you got the steps right for your calculation of rxy in question 3. In the formula you used to calculate rxy, what was the value of LaTeX: \sum x\sum y ∑ x ∑ y ?
Group of answer choices

102

298

7242

379

508

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Question 6 1 pts
What does the correlation coefficient (the one you calculated in question 3) represent?
Group of answer choices

A weak correlation between time spent on social media and self-esteem ratings.

No meaningful correlation between time spent on social media and self-esteem ratings.

A clear causal relationship between social media use and self-esteem, such that social media causes your self-esteem to go down.

A large negative correlation between time spent on social media and self-esteem ratings, such that as time spent on social media increases, self-esteem decreases.

A large positive correlation between time spent on social media and self-esteem ratings, such that as time spent on social media increases, self-esteem also increases.

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Question 7 2 pts
What are three possible explanations for this correlational relationship?  Social media might not cause you to have poorer self-esteem, so what are three possible other explanations that you can come up with for the correlation that you calculated (hint: think about possible “third variable” explanations for this correlation).
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