1. What are synthetic chemicals? In what and where are they found? What synthetic chemicals can be found in water? How many and what kind of synthetic chemicals are found in our bodies? How do they get there?

• Synthetic chemicals/toxins vary in their type and the effect they have on our bodies. List those effects and briefly describe them. What effects have pesticides been found to have on child development and learning?
• Lastly, Rachel Carson brought this issue to light in the 60s. The story is in the text and you should also watch the following clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ipbc-6IvMQI. What events brought this to her attention? What toxin was she specifically concerned with and what was it used for? How are toxic substances now regulated in the U.S. and how does that compare to the regulations in the United Kingdom? Which do you think Rachel Carson would consider the best method of regulation?

2. Describe the different methods of fishing in the marine ecosystem. How does each of these methods impact the marine ecosystem and its biodiversity? How has industrialized fishing increased impacts compared to fishing previous to the 19^thcentury?

• Explain what is meant by by-catch in the fishing industry. How do sea turtles, dolphins, seals, sharks, albatrosses, and seabirds become bycatch and what effect has this had on their populations? Be specific for each group. What other organisms make up a large percentage of bycatch?
• Finally, watch the following short documentary, “What Happened to the Grand Banks Cod” at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRJy6_3YtEo&t=477sand read the section in the text on the subject of the collapse of the cod fisheries. Then tell the story of the collapse of the cod fisheries by describing the political and scientific decisions made comparing the Newfoundland Grand Banks of Canada to the North Norwegian Fisheries in the Barents Sea. What is maximum sustainable yield and how did it apply to the above decisions? Where do we stand now with our global fish populations? You can find the answer here, https://www.seafoodwatch.org/ocean-issues/wild-seafood. Is there an app for that?

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3. What is soil, a soil profile, and a soil horizon? How does soil change as you move down the soil profile and how does soil vary from place to place on the North American continent? Where is the most fertile soil in the U.S.? Lastly, in what ways is soil degraded?

• Understanding the above information, explain the change that took place in North America’s Great Plains as white settlers took over the Plains and converted it to ranching and agriculture. Describe the Great Plains ecosystem previous to their arrival including the biodiversity. Then describe the Great Plains ecosystem after the settlers were established. What did those settlers do that led to the Dust Bowl in the 30s? Describe the social and environmental impacts of the Dust Bowl. What positive changes came out of that dismal time in the history of the U.S.?
• This information is also a series of excellent PBS documentaries and another called Stinging Dust & Forgotten Lives: The Dust Bowl if you would like a break from reading.
• The Dust Bowl: Intro: https://www.pbs.org/video/intro/
• The Dust Bowl: Environmental Catastrophe:
• https://www.pbs.org/video/dust-bowl-environmental-catastrophe/Stinging Dust Stinging Dust & Forgotten Lives: The Dust Bowl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tzo9wtXfHGk

4. Why does increased infant mortality result in increased numbers of offspring? How do women and their cultural and physical conditions affect population growth overall? Can women save the world?

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