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BIO 107 – Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology Week 13 Study Guide
BIO 107 – Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology
Week 13 Study Guide
Chapter 20
____% of the body water is found inside cells (intracellular fluid or ICF. ____% of the body water is found outside cells (extracellular fluid or ECF.
Body AT WORK Tell what causes water to move from the ICF to the ECF or ECF to ICF.
Most fluid intake is do to ______ and ________. Water is lost through_____, _____, _________, and ____.
When the body’s total volume of water declines, blood pressure _____, sodium concentration _____, and osmolarity _________. In response to this, the ______ center in the hypothalamus is stimulated, causing you to drink, increasing water volume. In addition, the hypothalamus stimulates the posterior pituitary to release ___. ADH prompts the collecting ducts of the kidneys to reabsorb ____water and produce ____ urine. Deceasing fluid loss will help bring total body water back to normal.
Body AT WORK Tell how the hypothalamus responds to increased blood volume and blood pressure.
Describe Volume depletion.
Describe dehydration.
Body AT WORK Explain why tenting happens and what it indicates.
Life Lesson Explain how water lost through sweat effects the fluid inside your cells.
Describe the causes and symptoms of fluid excess.
Describe the causes and symptoms of fluid accumulation.
____________ are substances that break up into electrically charged particles called ions when dissolved in water.
List 3 functions of electrolytes.
The main electrolyte in extracellular fluid is ______.
When serum (blood) levels of sodium are low, ___________ prompts renal tubules to reabsorb sodium, ADH release is _________, causing the kidneys to secrete more water, this causes sodium levels to normalize.
When serum (blood) levels of sodium are high, ___ prompts renal tubules to reabsorb _____, ADH stimulates ______, increased renal reabsorption of water combined with increased water intake causes sodium levels to normalize.
Describe the causes and symptoms of hypernatremia and how it is corrected.
Cause
Symptoms
Correction
Describe the causes and symptoms of hyponatremia and how it is corrected.
Cause
Symptoms
Correction
The main cation of intracellular fluid is _________.
Describe the causes and symptoms of hyperkalemia.
Cause
Symptoms
Describe the causes and symptoms of hypokalemia.
Cause
Symptoms
Give 4 functions of calcium in the body
1.
2.
3.
4.
23. Describe the causes and symptoms of hypercalcemia.
Cause
Symptoms
24.Describe the causes and symptoms of hypocalcemia.
Cause
Symptoms
Give 3 reasons it is important to maintain pH balance.
26. An ____ is any chemical that releases H+. A ____ is any chemical that accepts H+.
27. Body AT WORK The ph of blood and tissue fluid ranges from ____ to ____.
28. Give the function of a buffer.
29. List the bodies 3 main chemical buffering systems and tell how they work.
30. Tell how the respiratory system would regulate the pH if CO2 begins to accumulate in the bloodstream.
1.
2.
3.
31. Body AT WORK Tell how long it takes for chemical, respiratory, and renal buffers to begin working.
32. Describe how the kidney expel H+ ions from the body.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
33. Describe the cause of respiratory acidosis.
34. Describe the cause of respiratory alkalosis.
35. Describe the causes of metabolic acidosis.
36. Describe the causes of metabolic alkalosis.
37. Describe how the respiratory system compensates for a low pH.
38. Describe how the respiratory system compensates for a high pH.
39. Describe how the renal system compensates for a low pH.
40. Describe how the renal system compensates for a high pH.