BIO 107 – Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology Week 8 Study Guide

BIO 107 – Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology

Week 8 Study Guide

Chapter 12

Describe the stimulus that each type of receptor would detect

Chemoreceptor –

Mechanoreceptor –

Thermoreceptor –

Nociceptor –

Photoreceptor –

Proprioceptor (Body AT WORK) –

Body AT WORK: Describe sensory adaptation.

Give the 6 steps of how pain is perceived.

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–

–

–

–

–

Describe what referred pain is and how it occurs.

Body AT WORK: Explain why we have pain

Describe how the sense of taste occurs

Body AT WORK: List the 5 tastes

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–

–

–

–

Describe how the sense of smell occurs:

Body AT WORK: Why do certain odors evoke a memory?

Give the function of the following parts of the ear:

Auricle –

Auditory canal –

Auditory ossicles –

Oval window –

Tympanic membrane –

Auditory (Eustachian) tube –

Semicircular canals –

Vestibule –

Cochlea –

Life Lesson: Why do middle ear infections more commonly occur in children?

Give the 5 steps of how hearing occurs

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–

–

–

–

Life Lesson. Give the cause of these two types of hearing loss

Conductive-

Sensorineural-

Body AT WORK: Describe how the following give us our sense of balance.

semicircular canals

vestibule

Give the function of the following parts of the eye:

Eyelids –

Eyelashes –

Conjunctiva –

Lacrimal gland –

Nasolacrimal duct –

Sclera –

Cornea –

Iris –

Ciliary body –

Choroid –

Retina –

Optic nerve –

Macula lutea –

Fovea centralis –

Optic disk –

Anterior cavity –

Lens –

Posterior cavity –

Life Lesson: Describe how glaucoma occurs

Describe the 3 steps that must happen for vision to occur.

1.

2.

3.

Life Lesson: Describe the common visual defects.

Myopia –

Hyperopia –

Astigmatism –

Presbyopia –

Cataracts –

Body At WORK: Describe the photopupillary reflex.

Compare rods and cones

Rods

Cones

location

Active in

Responsible for

Life Lesson: Describe the cause of Color Blindness

Life Lesson: Describe the changes to sensory function that come with aging

Vision –

Hearing –

Taste and smell –

Touch –

Chapter 13 – Endocrine System

Give the function of hormones

Compare the endocrine and nervous systems

Endocrine

Nervous

Uses ____ to relay messages

Releases into

Responds to stimuli

Effects are

Adapts to continual stimulation

Compare steroid and nonsteroid hormones

Steroid

Non steroid

Synthesized from

Binds to receptors on the

Describe how the hypothalamus controls the secretions of the pituitary gland.

Life Lesson: Give the cause of:

gigantism –

acromegaly –

pituitary dwarfism –

Give the target and effect of the hormones of the pituitary gland.

Hormone

target

effects

GH: Growth hormone

PRL: prolactin

TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone

ACTH: adrenocorticotrophic

FSH: follicle stimulating hormone

LH: luteinizing hormone

ADH: antidiuretic

OT: oxytocin

Describe how hormone secretion is controlled by the nervous system and by negative feedback.

The Pineal gland releases __________. Its effect is:

Life Lesson: Low levels of which hormone is linked to seasonal affective disorder?

The Thymus releases __________ and __________. Their effect is:

Give the target and effect of the hormones of the thyroid gland. See Body At WORK for effects of thyroid hormone.

Hormone

target

effects

Calcitonin

T3 & T4 (Thyroid)

Life Lesson: Describe the following:

cretinism –

Grave’s disease –

simple goiter –

The Parathyroid gland releases __________. Its effect is:

Life Lesson: Describe the symptoms of:

hypocalcemia

hypercalcemia.

The adrenal medulla releases __________ and __________. Their effects are:

The adrenal cortex releases __________, _____________, ___________, and ______________. Their effects are:

Life Lesson: Give the symptoms of:

Cushing Syndrome –

Addison’s Disease –

Alpha cells of the pancreas release__________ its effects are:

Beta cells of the pancreas release__________ its effects are:

Delta cells of the pancreas release__________ its effects are:

Life Lesson: Describe the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus.

Compare Type 1 and 2 Diabetes mellitus

Type 1

Type 2

Average age at onset

Rate of onset

Percent of all diabetics

Cause

Contributing factors

treatment

The ovaries release __________. Its effect are:

The testes release __________. Its effect are: