Considering the resources, compare 2 of the theories and explain why they seem to

Considering the resources, compare 2 of the theories and explain why they seem to be missing something in their theory.  What are the arguments for and against different theories?  Will freedom guarantee happiness or a more fair and ethical society?  Use an example to illustrate your answer, please.
Would you say we as humans understand life and ethics better when all goes well or when we go through a catastrophic experience like the Holocaust?  Why do tough experiences help us analyze what is wrong in the world and how to confront that?