Common characteristics of the anti-miscegenation laws

The common characteristics of the anti-miscegenation laws were that miscegenation was voided for all people of color. Two races engaging in matrimony was prohibited. (Page 31.) Although miscegenation was not allowed in most states, children were not considered in some states. This is backed up with, “However, some legitimation statutes have been interpreted not to apply to children of miscegenous marriages; others, as indicated on the chart, have not been construed as to this point.” (Page 31.) This merely explains that in some states, it is still considered okay for interracial children to get married, which is repulsive because child marriage should not be encouraged at all. Another common characteristic was that before the law, interracial marriage percentages were already significantly low. This is shown with, “One of the later studies of the city of Boston for the years 1914-38 reveals that of all marriages involving whites, the percentage of Negro-white was .13, and for the same period there were 276 Negro-white marriages, which was 3.9 per cent of all marriages involving Negroes.’ A study of New York, exclusive of New York City, for the years 1916-37 revealed that there were 569 Negro-white marriages which accounted for 2.9 per cent of all marriages involving Negroes.” (Page 34.) If this is the case, then to implement the anti-miscegenation law was not very wise, since interracial marriages were already rare.

Dorr’s article demonstrated the correlation between eugenic ideology and sexual habits with, “Women’s growing independence and new social behaviors, they feared, would lead to increasing sexual relations between white women and black men.” (Page 143.) Dorr is stating how interracial sex places fear in the country since it was not typical for white women and black men to engage in sexual intercourse. Another example of this correlation would be, “Plecker and other Virginians who shared his concerns worried that social contact between the races would lead to sexual relationships and result in the destruction of traditional white civilization. Proponents of the “science” of eugenics, these men believed that social order depended upon maintaining the purity of the white race.” (Page 40.) A way of policing sexual habits came with Virginia’s Racial Integrity Act of 1924. “The key to their agenda was prescribing the behavior and attitudes of Virginia’s white women.” (Page 144.) This is further elucidated with, “A small group of lobbyists…promoted Virginia’s Racial Integrity Act of 1924 as a part of a wave of legislation that sought to control marginalized populations.” (Page 144.) This act was basically promoted to keep sexual intercourse restricted to one’s own race, which was a way of policing sexual habits to preserve “native” genetics. Another way of policing sexual habits was explained, “By defining the whites as those with no trace of nonwhite blood, the act reaffirmed the assertion of the absolute purity of the white race. Moreover, by requiring registration upon marriage and the registration of offspring, the act empowered local officials to withhold marriage licenses from couples whose racial status might be suspect. ” (Pages 144-145.) Basically, the act is policing sexual habits by being selective with who can and can not obtain a marriage license. It is ridiculous because no one should be condemned from obtaining a marriage license simply due to their skin color.

Anti-miscegenation was a pillar of the eugenics movement attempt to instill fear in the white population, in which this anti-miscegenation law it was a law that enforced racial segregation, where the marriage was criminalizing interracial marriage and even sex between different races. At the same time it is more to become enmeshed in one of the many aspects of the American social milieu. This inconsistency is more on the selection of the minority groups in which it indicates that the localization of certain prejudices in this country. (pg 32). In the anti-miscegenation their widespread belief was that the child of a racially mixed marriage is inferior to the average person of either race. This term started in the 19th century as a racial segregation because they wanted to become more formalized in the United States. Meaning that this term was more for interracial marriage and interracial sexual relations.

Adding to this in the Eugenics world their arguments was to justify restrictions, in which they said that interracial relationship are “ Dysgenic unions” where the superior groups in this case were white people. American  Eugenics concentrated on negative eugenics preventing reproduction among the “unfit” to eliminate “unfit “ genetic stock, eugenics advocated four main policies immigration restriction. (pg 145), they also argued against advanced education, career outside the home and birth control among middle class white women. White parents were not fully accepted by his child’s colored companions, more important, under the state segregation laws in many states the white parent will be barred by law from associating with his child in restaurants, theaters, and other public places. (pg 39).  For example in the case Plessy v. Ferguson, the courts have refused to recognize that such statutes violated the equal protection clause. 9 in which they suggested that there was equality of application as to the two races, since whites could not marry outside their race nor Negroes outside their race. A, a Negro, is forbidden to marry B, a white; while C, a white, may lawfully marry B. It is said to be irreverently that A can marry some other Negro. (pg 38) meaning that they were trying to look for excuses because they still had that type of segregation/ discrimination that people were not supposed to marry different races either white or black.

Dorr’s work indicates how Eugenic ideology was used to police the sexual habits of American citizens in the name of preserving “native”genetics in a way that they maintained that the biological trait of the weaker race dominated those of the superior race when admixture occurred. Meaning that if they will continue to allow it  the miscegenation would destroy the white civilization. (pg 146) At the same time we can say that Dorr’s also makes inferences in Eugenic ideology in which the policy of sexual segregation embodied eugenics belief that man made and man enforced laws should control women sexual and reproductive functions because women were not able to do so on their own. In regards, of being native genetics, eugenics believed the undesirable ethic blood was one source diluting, but they regarded uncontrolled breeding and the working class a threat as well. (pg 150).

The topic of employee theft can occur for many different reasons, some employees may be tired of the things that occur at the job, if they are being harassed they may try to take out on the store itself, even if they feel they are not being compensated as they should they may choose to steal. And based on these statistics things need to be changed fast. According to (Boehmer,2016) these are the employee theft statistics from 2015

• Amount stolen annually from U.S. businesses by employees – $50 billion
• Percent of annual revenues lost to theft or fraud – 7%
• Percent of employees who have stolen at least once from their employer – 75%
• Percent of employees who have stolen at least twice from their employer – 37.5%
• Percent of all business bankruptcies caused by employee theft – 33%
• Percent of theft by employees who had ideas stolen at work – 29%
• Average time fraud occurs before detected – 2 years

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1.One of the biggest things that can effect the actual amount of thefts that are occurring comes down to the actual layout of the retail store, they need to make sure that although it is hard everything that is of some higher value needs to be monitored I say this because it is impossible to have every single item in the store being watched at all times but making sure things are visible goes a long way. One low tech item that should halt almost all thefts that occur is the use of CCTV having cameras in places that are concealed and unknown by everyone in the store is vital to ensuring that employees do not steal because although they are aware there are cameras they are not sure as to where they are at and that will always keep them on edge and make them hesitate before thinking about stealing.With having cameras in place it allows you to have eyes throughout the whole store and always be able to see what is going on and who is doing anything they are not suppose to be doing. One high tech item would be having an intrusion detection system specifically having a few pressure sensitive mats in places where employees have no business being in would help to keep eyes on all your employees especially having some by the door in case employees try to sneak out after the store is closed and decide not to tell anyone.Even if you choose not to stop them by the door every single day which is annoying and taxing to keep up with, every time the pressure mat goes off it could send a notification to the manager in charge for the night to check the cameras by the door and see if the employee left with anything on them.And being that they would not be aware of the mat going off and the manager being aware that they left coupled with having well positioned cameras you would easily be able to catch someone in the act.

2.Any suspect that decides to steal is obviously someone who is not afraid of the law and yes although I do understand that there are some people who steal based on need and they place no harm to anyone, desperation drives people to do some crazy things and in some cases depending on whats being stolen to avoid going to jail they could do anything.With that being said Loss prevention officers should definitely be able to detain and do anything further that they believe is reasonably necessary to ensure that the suspect does not get away from them.Also giving them the ability to detain the suspect lowers the risk of the officer not having to worry about being potentially assaulted or hurt in any type of altercation and they can proceed to go through the necessary measures that they have to do. I would also advise the officer to maintain a visible body camera that allows them to document the entire altercation to avoid a he said / she said lawsuit from coming up as well as ensuring that some officers do not overdo the said power that they would be inheriting. It would also be good for the business owners to avoid any type of lawsuit from occurring on the actual business floor, in the event that someone is stealing and does try to leave they could shove people out of the way or push them into the way of the officer just to avoid being caught and in the process of all that occurring a customer could possibly be hurt and opt to sue and could force the business owner to potentially be liable in a situation like that.

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According to an arrest report, 45-year-old Angela M. Gibson was confronted by Amazon loss prevention officials after they caught her stealing merchandise.. When the officer arrived, Gibson allegedly admitted to stealing over $100,000 worth of merchandise over the past two years, and storing it in her garage at her home on Colyer Lane, near Deatsville Road and Cedar Grove Road. Police say Gibson agreed to accompany officers to her home to recover the property. When they arrived, Gibson’s boyfriend was there and signed a consent form to allow officers to search the garage, according to the arrest report. Inside, officers allegedly found boxes of stolen property “which filled up half of a one-car side of the garage,” police say.Gibson was arrested and charged with theft by unlawful taking. Loss prevention officers started to train their staff and also started monitoring their employees more by looking at the camera and in addition they started  counting items from the inventory often.

Source: (Shepherdsville Police accuse Amazon employee of stealing over $100,000 of merchandise. (2014, September 17). Retrieved from https://www.wdrb.com/news/shepherdsville-police-accuse-amazon-employee-of-stealing-over-of-merchandise/article_eecb1c59-281b-5d8b-b6ab-d6f09a0c4b73.html#comments)

What combination of low-tech and high-tech techniques best deal with employee theft?

A high-tech techniques are  high speed video cameras and online monitoring that are always taping in order to prevent employee theft. And low-tech techniques are options for example like training your staff and also observing. In addition  having a quality that puts the staff on notice. However I believe that High-tech technology deals best with employee thefts because having your employee monitored from a video camera for example like the CCTV will create less on employee theft because they know that they are being monitored. High-tech  technology plays a major role in inventory. The store operator detects what is in place and also sometimes knows how many items they have. However this puts the employees on notice that things will be missed and the employee on duty is accountable.

1.  Should Loss Prevention Officers be able to physically apprehend or at the very least detain a theft suspect? Why or why not?

I believe in some situations loss Prevention Officers should be able to physically apprehend. For example if a theft suspect is using a weapon and force against the loss prevention officers then I believe that the officer should also use the same amount of force and physically apprehend them. However I believed that all theft suspects should at least be detained by a loss prevention officer and wait for the police to arrive.

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