Ryan Madden Oklahoma State University HIST 3333 Assignment 2 Part 1 1.

Ryan Madden

Oklahoma State University

HIST 3333

Assignment 2

Part 1

1. Fascism: A political ideology that centers on the dictatorship of power, rigidity in strong authoritarianism, and sometimes nationalists prioritized are more anti-communism.

2. Benito Mussolini: An Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party, Mussolini became prime minister of Italy in 1922 and established a fascist dictatorship.

3. Blackshirts: Fascist paramilitary groups favoring fascist ideologies linked to Mussolini’s National Fascist Party.

4. March on Rome: In 1922, Mussolini and his followers marched to Rome; this event resembled the events in Petrograd that led King Victor Emmanuel III to invite Mussolini to form a government.

5. OVRA: Mussolini believed he regarded it crucial to establish a secret police organization, which would involuntarily suppress political opposition and dissent.

6. Young Fascists: The youth organization in countries such as Italy and other fascist states brainwashes the young crowd with fascist ideas.

7. Lateran Accords: In particular, treaties from 1929 between Mussolini’s government and the Catholic Church recognized Vatican City as a sovereign entity.

8. Weimar Republic: The German democratic government was created after the Nazi country replaced the war.

9. Paul von Hindenburg: The Head of State from 1925 to 1934, he appointed Hitler as Chancellor in 1933.

10. Freikorps: German paramilitary organizations arising from the post-war era, yet their association is with nationalism and anti-communism.

11. Stab-in-the-back Myth: A fictitious notion carried after World War I by some Germans, calling it a failure of civilian government to the defeat in war for soldiers.

12. Adolf Hitler: The head of the Nazi party and chancellor/dictator of Germany from 1933-45.

13. Nazi Party: The ruling Nazi party of Germany, the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, led by Adolf Hitler.

14. Brownshirts: The brown shirts – the paramilitary wing of the Nazi party that brought about Hitler’s ascent to power.

15. Beer Hall Putsch: Hitler’s unsuccessful move to Germany in his 1923 Munich coup.

16. Mein Kampf: This is a synthesized memoir and political platform of Hitler, in which he describes the ideology behind his life philosophy and programs for Germany.

17. Enabling Act: This 1933 law endowed Hitler with virtually dictatorial powers and caused the fall of the Weimar Republic.

18. Night of Long Knives: A purge that took place in 1934 when the Nazis resorted to killing dissidents and harmless opponents to remove any traces of political competition within the Nazi Party.

19. Schutzstaffel (SS): Hitler’s Nazi Party had a higher paramilitary and military association.

21. Hermann Göring: Party leader of the Nazis had a tremendous role in developing the police state out of the Nazis.

22. Heinrich Himmler: In one of the most powerful roles in Nazi Germany and chief murderer of innocent people.

24. Hitler Youth: Youth organization in Nazi Germany that was changed because it aimed to brainwash the young ones into Nazi ideology.

25. Kirchenkampf: The Nazi state’s military campaigns in France and Italy as well.

26. Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Communist state, formerly the Soviet Union, from the mid-1920s to 1953.

27. Five-Year Plans: Meanwhile, Stalin developed a centralized economic plan series for the Soviet Union.

28. Holodomor: The famine-genocide in Soviet Ukraine during 193271932 was the result of forced collectivization.

29. Great Purges: In the late 1930s, political witch-hunts and persecution campaigns in the Soviet Union.

30. Francisco Franco: The Spanish general and dictator whose forces in the Nationalist he headed during the Spanish Civil War ruled Spain from 1939 until his death on January 20, 1975.

Review Questions

1. What was the appeal of Benito Mussolini to the Italian population in the 1920s?

In the 1920s, Mussolini addressed Democratic Italy by exposing his charisma and claiming to bring Italy back to its glory era. His nationalist approach and tough-spoken personality, promising strict authoritarian rule, were popular among the people who considered liberal democracy a feeble system. Mussolini’s ‘March on Rome’ in 1922 and his ability to represent stability and order when political waters were largely unchartered added appeal.

2. How did Mussolini implement a fascist society in Italy in the 1920s and 1930s?

Under Benito Mussolini, the fascist society was established through the focusing of power after stifling all political opposition and censorship of both press and expression in the country. Paramilitary groups like black shirts were used to enforce Mussolini’s control over Italy. In 1929, the Lateran Accords were announced, which created the state of Vatican City with its support to the Catholic Church. Mussolini also concentrated the power, made extensive use of active nationalism in propaganda, and started public works programs to stimulate the economy, having a goal that was the following: creating a dedicated, obedient mass who were ruled by a fascist state.

3. How did Adolf Hitler rise from obscurity to become chancellor of Germany in 1933?

Hitler only became powerful by manipulating the disastrous economic and political world going on in Germany. His popularity and ability to con a relationship with the frustrations in people of German contributed by helping Nazi Party gain support. The Enabling Act of 1933, which the Reichstag Fire prompted, passed the democratic process and allowed Hitler to take control. In addition to Hitler’s strategic alliances with other political parties, his army jelled as a coherent and respected fighting force, and perceptions of effective economic policies under the Nazis also contributed to his becoming Chancellor.

4. How was German society “nazified” during the 1930s?

There were many ways through which Nazi Germany-the society was Nazified. The propaganda and censorship groups like the Hitler Youth where they would teach every child everything concerning Adolf and his goals, among some of the means used to bring this delivery into effect. The Hitler Youth and leagues of German girls were among some of the institutions used to instill Nazi ideology in youngsters. The Nuremberg Laws of 1934 institutionalized anti-Semitic policies as interior opposition was eliminated by the night of the long knives. Further, the Gestapo and SS took a significant part in the suppression of dissent as well as implementing censorship of actions that were not representative of the Nazi ideals.

5. What were three key policies of Joseph Stalin as leader of the Soviet Union?

-Five-Year Plans: Stalin developed different economic platforms on which the Soviet Union could industrialize rapidly under centralized state-controlled industries.

– Collectivization: Stalin forced the sector of agriculture collectivization that combined small farms into large state-controlled collectives, and they gave rise to the Holodomor famine.

– Political Purges: Leninism is linked to the concept of ‘Great Purges,’ which were initiated by Stalin in the late 1930s when he wiped out perceived enemies and dissidents from within the Community.

6. How was the Spanish Civil War a prelude to the Second World War?

The Spanish Civil War of 1936 and the Second World War were closely linked since this particular conflict was instrumental in preparing for WWII. It provided fascist powers with helpful training grounds to test their military strategies as well as weapons on both sides. Besides, the war highlighted the ideological division in Europe during its outbreak with Nationalists (with fascist powers) against rout strike dealt to Sombart’s whose view are different. 1925 about Hempher’s words as My Lord His Face, and 1930 rapt under Baltsov United States left a Reactionary period. The war brought out the aggressive way in which fascists rushed into other states to spread their ideals and philosophy.

7. Describe the role of women in Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, and the Soviet Union?

Women were mostly encouraged to stay at home as wives and mothers in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany because of the focus on a state-centered family based on values associated with traditional family life within many of its institutions. Also, such societies used policy measures that promoted positive feedback supporting population growth. Women were expected to focus on their respective roles in the home, whether it was demanding women of revolutionary France or under Natash ‘s rule in Czarist Russia. In the Soviet Union under Stalin, there was always a state in which women were also encouraged to join the workload and carry out different professions with equal opportunity. Another tendency indicates that this brought about more gender stability than was seen from other sovereignties. However, traditional gender roles could not be banished totally but persisted in the dispensations with some measure of rigor.