BIO 107 – Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology Week 10 Study Guide

BIO 107 – Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology

Week 10 Study Guide

Chapter 15

Describe the size, location, and function of the heart.

Give the function of the atria and ventricles

Describe the function of the valves in the heart and explain their role in blood circulation.

Body At WORK Valves open and close in response to _________ changes.

Life Lesson Give the cause of the abnormal sound known as a heart murmur.

Describe the blood flow through the heart. List the chambers, valves, and blood vessels it flows through.

Life Lesson Give the causes and symptoms of angina and myocardial infarction.

Body At WORK Describe collateral circulation in the heart.

Give the function of the conduction system of the heart.

SA node

Interatrial bundle

AV node

AV bundle

Right and left bundle branches

Purkinje fibers

Body At WORK What happens when the SA node fails to fire?

Tell what the following parts of an electrocardiogram represent:

P wave

PR interval

QRS complex

ST segment

T wave

Describe in detail the events of the cardiac cycle

Passive ventricular filling

Atrial Systole

Isovolumetric contraction

Ventricular ejection

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Define cardiac output and describe the factors that affect it.

Life Lesson Anxiety, fear, and anger cause the heart to beat _____. Grief ____ the heart rate.

Life Lesson Congestive heart failure is when either ________ fails to pump blood effectively. ______ ventricular failure causes blood to back up in the lungs, causing shortness of breath, fluid in the lungs and coughing. ______ ventricular failure causes blood to back up in the vena cava and veins, causing swelling throughout the body, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and pooling of fluid in the abdomen.

Chapter 16

Life Lesson Describe an aneurysm and give their most common cause

_____ carry blood away from the heart and can withstand high pressures due to their elastic tissue.

Give the function of:

Conducting arteries

Distributing arteries

Arterioles

Body At WORK In the systemic circulatory system ______ carry oxygen rich blood and _____ carry oxygen poor blood.

____ carry blood to the heart and have valves to ensure blood flows one way.

________ are the thinnest vessles and allow for nutrient exchange. They are arranged in capillary beds so that every cell is close to a capillary.

Body At WORK During periods of rest, ___% of the capillaries in skeletal muscle shut down.

Describe Diffusion

________ occurs at the arterial end of a capillary because the higher pressure inside the capillary pushes nutrients out.

At the venous end of a capillary, _______________________ pulls tissue fluid, along with the cells waste products into the capillary.

Life Lesson Describe edema and Give the 3 main causes.

Blood flows because of differences in ________between two structures. Pressure is highest when the left ventricle contracts (systole). This is known as ________ pressure. When the ventricle relaxes (diastole) blood pressure drops. This is known as ________ pressure.

Describe the effect of the following on blood pressure:

Cardiac output

Blood volume

Resistance

Body At WORK Describe what happens to an artery as the heart beats.

Body At WORK Describe how the body redistributes blood flow according to its needs.

Describe how the nervous system regulates blood pressure.

List the hormones that cause blood pressure to rise.

List the hormone that causes blood pressure to fall.

Describe how the skeletal muscle pump aids venous return of blood to the heart.

Describe how the respiratory pump aids venous return of blood to the heart.