Bereavement

Bowlby and parker collaborated on matters concerning the grieving process to bring insights from parker’s studies of human processing and Bowlby’s attachment theory. The two psychiatrists reformulated the five stages of grief of Kubler Ross’s and came up with four phases of grief (Mulemi, 2017).  The first phase is shock and numbness. This phase comes immediately after the loss of a loved one. One feels numb, which is considered a self mechanism of allowing someone to survive emotionally. The second is yearning and searching where one wishes that the dead person could return and fill the emptiness created.  One experiences emotions such as crying, anger, and anxiety. The third is disorganization and despair, where one wishes to withdraw from life. The last phase is reorganization and recovery, where the grieving person begins to return to the normal state (Wilson, 2014).

American psychologist William J. Worden proposed four tasks of mourning. First is the acceptance of the reality of loss. The second is working through the pain of grief. When one loses a loved one, he or she experiences a lot of emotions such as fear, anger, despair, and sadness. One should first acknowledge these emotions instead of suppressing them to overcome (Gray & Lassance, 2018). The third task is adjusting to the environment where the loved one is missing. One might be required to adopt the role that the deceased used to perform, such as raising a child. The last task is embarking on the new life by letting go of the attachments with the deceased (Wilson, 2014).

Both Wordens and Bowlby + parker’s bereavement aspect of death is valuable because everyone, at some point in life, will grief and mourn a loss (Mulemi,  2017). The uncertain thing is how one will grieve, mourn, and cope with the reality of loss towards healing. People use Wordens and Bowly + parkers models as a tool for guidance to avoid developing complicated grief. Working through the phases of grief and tasks of mourning enables the bereaved to come to terms with the loss of a loved one and start a new normal life (Wilson, 2014).

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References

Gray, K., & Lassance, A. (2018). Tasks of Mourning. Grieving Reproductive Loss: The Healing Process, 19-32. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315224510-2

Mulemi, B. A. (2017). Mourning and Grieving. Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27771-9_9192-1

Wilson, J. (2014). Theories of Bereavement. Working With Bereavement, 4-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-41371-0_2