A genome may be defined as the complete DNA set of an organism, including all its genes (U.S. National Library of Science, 2020). Genomics comprises the study, as well as the functions of genes. Genomics also deals with understanding the structure of the genome, together with DNA sequencing and mapping of genes (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2019). Skin cancer is one of the genetic disorders, which is also among the most common types of cancer in America. More so, there are various forms of skin cancer, with basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma being the most common types of cancer.

            Skin cancer has its symptoms, with the most common being a change on the skin through the presence of a sore that does not heal. Squamous and basal cancer cells are mostly noticed through areas of the body that are exposed to sunlight, such as hands, face, head, and neck. Melanoma, which is the most severe cancer form, is first noticed through a change in the shape, size, feel, or color of a mole (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2012). Skin cancer is known to occur through ultraviolet radiation, which is the most common cause. Both environmental and genetic factors can cause cancer. However, skin cancer occurs mainly due to environmental reasons. As such, people who are exposed to ultraviolet radiation for more extended periods are most likely to get skin cancer, especially at later stages of life (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2012).

            Concerning the treatment, melanoma may be treated if the cells have not invaded deep into the skin. It is difficult to control once it has spread deep into the skin, and surgery is the standard melanoma treatment.  Other treatment alternatives for skin cancer are radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. One of the innovations in cancer management includes third-generation photosensitizer and the combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with other modalities to address other side effects (Zhao & He, 2010). The use of PDT helps with specific destruction of target cancer cells, thus improving the efficacy of treatment.

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References

National Human Genome Research Institute. (2012, October 30). About skin cancer. Retrieved from National Human Genome Research Institute: https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Skin-Cancer

National Human Genome Research Institute. (2019, November 7). A brief guide to genomics. Retrieved from National Human Genome Research Institute: https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/A-Brief-Guide-to-Genomics

U.S. National Library of Science. (2020, March 31). What is a genome? Retrieved from U.S. National Library of Science: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/hgp/genome

Zhao, B., & He, Y.-Y. (2010). Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy. Human and Health Services, 10(11), 1797–1809. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1586%2Fera.10.154