Countries with Least Reduction in Hunger

            From the graph report, the countries with the least reduction in hunger are found within Sub-Saharan Africa including the Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria (United Nations, 2015). Within the monitored periods for reducing the levels of hunger, Sub-Saharan countries cumulatively experienced a hunger-reduction rate of 28% in the three consecutive periods of 1990, 2011 and 2015. This makes the countries within this region to have the least reduction rate of hunger.

Countries with Greatest Reduction in Hunger

            The graph report shows that the country with the greatest level of hunger reduction is situated in East Asia namely China. China is seen to have the greatest reduction in hunger which also experienced a drop of 94% in the rate of hunger (United Nations, 2015). The country achieved the goal of halving the people experiencing hunger by 2015. The other countries that have experienced the greatest reduction in hunger are India, Malaysia, and Thailand (International Food Policy Research Institute, 2015).

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Contributing Factors for Uneven Progress

            As seen in the report, there was a wide variation in the goal of eradicating hunger. This uneven progress was caused by various factors. One of these factors is the states of the economies in the least developed countries. The absence of stable economies acts as a setback for their growth. An insight into the causes of poor economies can be attributed to conflicts, unemployment levels, poor infrastructure and inequality (Omilola & Lerven, 2014). Moreover, the overreliance on rain-fed systems, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where agriculture is the backbone of the economy fuels economic slowdown when the rains are unfavorable.

Possible Solutions to Hunger

            Despite the many efforts and progress by various governments to end hunger, some countries are still lagging due to failed approaches. Connecting farmers to resources and markets is a crucial step in enhancing production and boosting incomes. Empowering women is another vital element in ending hunger, especially in the least developed countries. They can be empowered through enhancing a cultural transformation that allows them to have access to resources and make key decisions (Bain, et al., 2013).

Patterns and Differences in Both Causes and Approaches to Hunger

            However, some causes of hunger have experienced failed approaches. Despite market availability, the related aspects such as transportation, storage, and processing contribute to failed approaches (Timmer, 2015). The other contributor is less government intervention. Despite its efforts, the government still needs to ensure that even the poorest people have access to modern inputs. This way, they can grow more food by themselves. In countries where hunger was reduced, their respective governments focused on key elements like social protection. This technique triggers inclusive growth and reduces inequality. Scaling up the quality and quantity of the investment levels of agriculture also helped to alleviate the situation. The countries that were able to reduce hunger also supported small and medium enterprises to boost production (Omilola & Lerven, 2014).

References

Bain, L. E., Awah, P. K., Geraldine, N., Kindong, N. P., Sigal, Y., Bernard, N., & Tanjeko, A. T. (2013, August 6). Malnutrition in Sub – Saharan Africa: burden, causes and prospects. The Pan African Medical Journal, 15(120), 1-9. doi:10.11604/pamj.2013.15.120.2535

International Food Policy Research Institute. (2015, October 12). Global Hunger Index 2015 – Asia fact sheet. Retrieved February 7, 2020, from International Food Policy Research Institute: https://www.ifpri.org/news-release/global-hunger-index-2015-asia-fact-sheet

Omilola, B., & Lerven, F. V. (2014, March). Accelerating poverty and hunger reduction in Africa: Progress and policy prescriptions. Retrieved February 7, 2020, from United Nations Development Program: https://www.undp.org/content/dam/south_africa/docs/mdgs/Accelerating%20Poverty%20and%20Hunger%20Reduction%20in%20Africa-Progress%20and%20Policy%20Prescriptions.pdf

Timmer, P. (2015, August 17). Why most attempts to end hunger fail. Retrieved February 7, 2020, from Asia and The Pacific Policy Society: https://www.policyforum.net/why-most-attempts-to-end-hunger-fail/

United Nations. (2015). The Millennium Development Goals Report. Retrieved February 6, 2020