Study shows that individuals who exercise daily and maintain a healthy diet have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

You need to reply to 2 of the classmats on the subject using thier referances for the referanc page..Plaese reply direct to the student with thier names I AGree with you ________.
Here are thier posts:
2 days agoDorothy RE: Group B
COLLAPSE
What are the recommendations for diet, exercise, and sleep for individuals diagnosed with your assigned health conditions?
Study shows that individuals who exercise daily and maintain a healthy diet have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It states, “Diets perceived to be healthy, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been used to treat insulin resistance and T2D (type 2 diabetes). Physical activity and healthy diets are recognized as two essential components for treating and managing diabetes. The combined intervention of diet and physical activity can significantly decrease the incidence and consequences of T2D among women with gestational diabetes and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with T2D” (Wang et al, 2017). Ultimately, a balanced diet is crucial to managing diabetes. . It is recommended for a “high consumption of minimally processed plant based foods, consumption of monounsaturated fat; low to moderate consumption of dairy products, fish, poultry; low consumption of red meat; and low to moderate consumption of wine with meals” (Rekha, Kumari & Kumar, 2019).
Exercise is also recommended as it states, “Exercise is effective not only for controlling blood sugar in diabetic patients but also for reducing cardiovascular risk, losing weight, protecting bone health, preventing metabolic diseases, and improving quality of life” (Oh, 2020). As expected, it is helpful to exercise daily as it can make a big difference in overall health, not just for managing diabetes. It stated, “regular physical activity, including aerobic activity and muscle-strengthening activity, is essential for healthy aging” (Zeng et al, 2020).
It is recommended to sleep roughly 6-8 hours a night. Research states, “sleep problems could lead to activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary- adrenal axis, which is significantly associated with diabetes” (Wang, et al, 2019). As a result, if one is able to sleep well, they are able to manage their health condition, stress and other areas in their life. It was said, “Poor sleep may affect patient’s and partners’ abilities to manage daily stressors related to diabetes, such as managing blood sugar, problems in managing diet and exercise” (Tracy, et al 2019). Sleep supports a clear mind in order to be alert to recall information and manage medications etc.
How do these behaviors relate to stress, if at all?
Research shows that stress “perceived stress was negatively correlated with diabetes self‐management, which is consistent with research on adolescents with T1D in the USA (10–18 years). Stress adversely affects thoughts, emotions and behavior.”(Guo et al, 2019). Stress can create more of a burden which leads individuals to get off track. This ultimately leads to comfort foods, which most times are foods that are high in sugar, fat and sodium or the opposite, some may have a decrease in appetite. Both can negatively impact diabetes. In addition, it can impair sleeping patterns and decrease energy to partake in physical exercise. As a result, stress does relate to diet, exercise and sleep. How an individual manages their stress can influence their eating habits, sleeping patterns and lack of motivation/energy.
What of the other factors you learned about in Modules 1 and 2 may be playing a role in the behaviors of patients that comply and don’t comply with these recommendations?
Self-efficacy is important when it comes to taking action and being accountable. It was said, “People with high self-efficacy chooses appropriate coping strategies” (Van der Bijl, 2018). Individuals with high self-efficacy are prone to take charge and have a positive outlook on their health conditions, which can lead to better quality of life. As discussed already, stress also plays a role. In regards to patients who comply and do not comply, a lot has to do with awareness. Many times individuals believe they are exempt from certain health conditions or consequences until it is too late. It states, “The overall level of awareness and knowledge about diabetes and complications is average. There should be a continuous process of evaluation to improve patient care and importance of awareness to improve knowledge of diabetes” (Islam et al, 2020). The lack of knowledge many people have contributes to the increase of individuals diagnosed with diabetes each year. In addition, having the mentally that “it can’t happen to me” oftentimes is a risk individuals are willing to take.
Could any of these health behaviors have caused the condition or contributed to its prevention or development?
Good diet, regular physical activity and a healthy sleeping pattern decreases the likelihood of being diagnosed with diabetes, but it does not disqualify one from being diagnosed with it. There are risk factors such as genetic disposition and family history that can also influence a diabetes diagnosis. A healthy lifestyle helps promote a healthy body, but it does not exempt anyone from health conditions from developing. It is not as common, but it can happen. As with development, the healthy behaviors can help with managing it so it does not develop into amputations or other health conditions.
Identify and describe at least one theory-based and evidence-based practice for increasing one or more of these health promoting behaviors (oftentimes one type of intervention will work across behaviors).
The Social ecological model focuses on “Targeted interventions: tailor intervention content and format to match emotional, cognitive, socioeconomic, or health needs of individual, family, social context, etc” (Hilliard et al, 2016). This theory guides individuals in looking at their current living environment and how to make it conducive to maintaining their health needs. It is tailored to the needs of the individuals, which ultimately leads to being realistic to individuals. This also incorporates families as well which is useful for support.
Social cognitive theory (SCT) increases self-efficacy, and confidence in practicing the behaviors. As a result, it shows that, “Among youth with TID (Type 1 Diabetes), more self-efficacy and positive outcome expectancies predict better adherence and glycemic control” (Hilliard et al, 2016). As discussed last week, research shows that SCT is a useful theory and supports an increase in exercise, healthy diet as it relates to diabetes.
References
Liu, Y., Wang, K., Maisonet, M., Wang, L., & Zheng, S. (n.d.). Associations of lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and physical activity) with type 2 diabetes among American adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
2005-2014. JOURNAL OF DIABETES, 9(9), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12492
Rekha, R., Kumari, U., & Kumar, A. (2019). Nutritional Aspect of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences-Zoology, 38A(2), 126–131. https://doi.org/10.5958/2320-3188.2019.00014.7
Oh, H. S. (2020). Opposite Effects of Work-Related Physical Activity and Leisure-Time Physical Activity on the Risk of Diabetes in Korean Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165812
Zeng, Z., Bian, Y., Cui, Y., Yang, D., Wang, Y., & Yu, C. (2020). Physical Activity Dimensions and Its Association with Risk of Diabetes in Middle and Older Aged Chinese People. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217803
Wang, F., Chow, I. H. I., Li, L., Li, X., Ng, C. H., Ungvari, G. S., Wang, A., Jia, F., Zhang, Y., & Xiang, Y. (2019). Sleep duration and patterns in Chinese patients with diabetes: A meta‐analysis of comparative studies and epidemiological surveys. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 55(2), 344–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12353
Tracy, E. L., Berg, C. A., Baucom, K. J. W., Turner, S. L., Kelly, C. S., Van Vleet, M., Butner, J., & Helgeson, V. S. (2019). Daily sleep quality and daily stressors in couples coping with type 1 diabetes. Health Psychology, 38(1), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000690.supp (Supplemental)
Guo, J., Yang, J., Wiley, J., Ou, X., Zhou, Z., & Whittemore, R. (2019). Perceived stress and self‐efficacy are associated with diabetes self‐management among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A moderated mediation analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(12), 3544–3553. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14179
Van der Bijl, J., van Poelgeest-Eeltink, A., Shortridge-Baggett, L., Dirik, G., & Gocek-Yorulmaz, E. (2018). SE-Type 2 Scale. [Turkish Version]. [Title denoted in this Source: Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale]. Behavioral Medicine, 44(1), 1–10
Islam, Q. U., Bangash, M., Zeeshan, M. M., Asif, S., & Rashid, S. (2020). Awareness and Knowledge among Diabetic Patients of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Ocular Complications. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, 70(5), 1448–1452.
Hilliard, M. E., Powell, P. W., & Anderson, B. J. (2016). Evidence-based behavioral interventions to promote diabetes management in children, adolescents, and families. American Psychologist, 71(7), 590–601. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040359
1 day agoAmy RE: Group B Initial Post, Van Styn
COLLAPSE
Week 7 Discussion Board: Enhancing Behaviors and Health Conditions
Question 1: Diet, Exercise, and Sleep Recommendations for Asthmatic Individuals
With respect to recommendations, there are no specific guidelines as far as diet, exercise, and sleep for individuals with asthma. That being said, there are a few issues that asthmatic patients may encounter with diet, exercise, and sleep. Thus, the monitoring of these behaviors is important for the asthmatic individual. The first issue related to diet is the issue of both food additives and acid reflux being triggers for asthma attacks (Centers for Disease Control, 2020). It is, therefore, critical that the asthmatic patient be aware of the additives in food that may trigger an attack and avoid acidic or spicy foods to prevent acid reflux. Secondly, with respect to exercise, air pollution is also a common trigger for asthma attacks and results in increased hospital and emergency room visits (CDC, n.d.). Thus, asthmatics may be required to find alternative ways to achieve the physical activity recommendations, such as exercising indoors. According to Kornblit et al. (2018), exercise is critical for successful asthma management and individuals with asthma can find ways to exercise safely. Asthmatic children who exercise demonstrate increased quality of life, decreased hospitalizations and school absences, and decreased mediation usage (Kornblit, et al., 2018). Finally, there are no specified recommendations for sleep for asthmatic patients. However, sleep can be frequently disrupted due to night awakenings with symptoms, if the asthma is poorly controlled (CDC, 2019; Reynolds, et al, 2018). The disrupted sleep in asthma has been implicated in episodes of anxiety and poor academic performance (Fidler et al., 2019; Reynolds et al., 2018). Better symptom control equal better sleep, thus better health outcomes (CDC, 2019). Question 2: Behaviors Related to Stress
According to Reynolds et al. (2018), there exists a significant link between sleep quality, stress, and children that reside in the urban setting, especially among minority children and youth. Oftentimes, stress related to the burden of asthma management, co-morbid conditions, environmental triggers, and the issues that accompany low socioeconomic status (lack of access to health care or insurance) contributes to poor asthma control. This poor asthma control, in turn, exacerbates asthma symptoms and results in nighttime awakenings and poor sleep quality for the child (Reynolds et al., 2018). Poor sleep quality or duration perpetuates the cycle of poor school attendance and poor academic performance, thus creating continued stress for the parent and child. Questions 3: Factors from Other Modules that Play a Role in Compliance
The factors from Modules 1 and 2 that keep arising in the asthma research are those related to the socioecological model (SEM) and social determinants of heath. With respect to physical activity, Kornblit et al. (2018) outline that low-income children experience multiple barriers including access to an appropriate built environment (parks, sidewalks, etc.), access to playing sports (affordability), and the safety of the neighborhood. As aforementioned, exercise and physical activity is a critical component of successful asthma management. Additionally, inadequate housing due to low SES increases exposure to allergens and triggers, thus leading to symptoms and poor asthma control (Reynolds et al., 2018). Finally, asthma is more prevalent in the minority populations, including Blacks and Latinos. It is the minority populations that are more likely to be lower in SES and reside in urban areas with inadequate housing. Thus, this information aligns with the research indicating that persons of lower socioeconomic status (SES) and minorities have poorer asthma outcomes than those of higher SES. Question 4: Behaviors that Cause or Contribute to Asthma
Based on the existing research, diet plays a significant role in the development of asthma, both in the case of maternal diet and poor diet resulting in obesity. With respect to maternal diet, according to Baiz et al. (2019), the consumption of certain foods during pregnancy could either increase or decrease the risk of the child developing asthma, allergic dermatitis, or any other allergic predisposition. Baiz et al. (2019) demonstrate that maternal consumption of cooked green vegetables, raw vegetables, eggs, and nutrients including omega-3, vitamin E, and antioxidants are protective against asthma and other allergic conditions due to the immunomodulatory properties of these foods. Conversely, maternal consumption of meat cooked at higher temperatures and other carcinogenic foods increase the risk of wheezing, asthma, or other allergic disorders (Baiz et al., 2019). Additionally, maternal diet can significantly influence the infant’s gut microbiota in utero. Poor maternal nutrition and diet adversely effects the infant microbiome, leading to the risk of asthma development (Alsharairi, 2020). Although the link has been demonstrated, the specific mechanism remains under investigation. According to De Ridder et al. (2017), conditions such as overweight or obese have also been closely linked with asthma development and exacerbations. Overweight and obesity in asthmatic individuals can stem from lack of access to nutritious foods, sedentary lifestyles, or lack of health literacy regarding diet and nutrition (De Ridder et al., 2017). Overweight and obesity in asthmatic individual is particularly detrimental due to the activation of inflammatory mediators that could exert an impact on the smooth muscle in the airway, thus creating increased risk of asthma exacerbation (Reynolds, et al., 2018). Question 5: Theory to Increase Health Promoting Behavior
For the sake of brevity, I will address one theory that may help in maternal diet and potentially the prevention of asthma development. As mentioned above, maternal diet plays a significant role in the infant’s predisposition to develop asthma or allergy-related conditions. Although there is not one perfect way to intervene with diet, one method is to utilize the Theory of Reasoned Action (or Planned Behavior). With this theory, one can assess the mother’s beliefs, attitudes, and intentions about her diet with respect to the health of the child. Additionally, TBH includes the social norm aspect or the social pressure to perform a certain behavior or not and whether one feels they have control over their behavior (McEwen & Wills, 2019). Thus, a practitioner can assess a mother’s perception of control, attitudes, and beliefs about her diet and intervene when necessary. References
Alsharairi, N.A. (2020). The infant gut microbiota and risk of asthma: The effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. Microorganisms, 8(1119), 1119. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081119
Centers for Disease Control. (n.d.). Breathing easier. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/pdfs/breathing_easier_brochure.pdf
Centers for Disease Control. (2020). Common asthma triggers. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/triggers.html
Centers for Disease Control. (2019). Learn how to control asthma. https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/faqs.htm
De Ridder, D., Kroese, F., Evers, C., Adriaanse, M., & Gillebaart, M. (2017). Healthy diet: Health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions. Psychology and Health, 32(8), 907–941. doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1316849
Fidler, A., Lawless, C., LaFave, E., Netz, M., McConville, A., Turner, E., & Fedele, D. (2019). Anxiety among adolescents with asthma: Relationships with asthma control and sleep quality. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 7(2), 151-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cpp0000267
Kornblit, A., Cain, A., Bauman, L. J., Brown, N. M., & Reznik, M. (2018). Parental perspectives of barriers to physical activity in urban schoolchildren with asthma. Academic Pediatrics, 18(3), 310–316. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.acap.2017.12.011
McEwen, M. & Wills, E.M. (2019). Theoretical basis for nursing (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. Reynolds, K.C., Boergers, J., Kopel, S.J., & Koinis-Mitchell, D. (2018). Featured article: Multiple comorbid conditions, sleep quality and duration, and academic performance in urban children with asthma. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 43(9), 943-954. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsy027
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